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Frequently asked questions
How long do I have to be separated before I can get divorced in Virginia?+
Twelve months of living separate and apart without cohabitation and without interruption. The period is reduced to six months if you have no minor children born of or adopted by the marriage and you have signed a written separation agreement. The clock begins on the date of physical separation coupled with the intent that the marriage be at an end, which is why documenting that date early matters.
What are the grounds for divorce in Virginia?+
Virginia recognizes a no-fault ground based on the statutory period of separation, and fault grounds including adultery, conviction of a felony carrying confinement of more than one year where the parties have not cohabited after knowledge of the conviction, cruelty or reasonable apprehension of bodily hurt, and willful desertion or abandonment. Fault grounds carry different waiting periods and evidentiary burdens, and a fault finding can affect a spousal support award.
How is child custody decided in Virginia?+
A Virginia court decides custody and visitation according to the best interests of the child, applying the statutory factors — the age and condition of the child and each parent, the existing relationship between each parent and the child, each parent's role in past and future upbringing and care, the willingness of each parent to support the child's relationship with the other, and the child's own preference where the child is of reasonable intelligence, age and experience. There is no presumption in Virginia favoring the mother or the father.
How much does a divorce lawyer cost in Virginia?+
The cost of a Virginia divorce depends on whether the matter is contested, how much discovery is required, whether valuation or custody evaluation professionals are retained, and how many court appearances the case takes. An uncontested matter with a signed agreement and no minor children sits at one end of that range; a contested case with a business valuation and a custody trial sits at the other. Fee structure is discussed at the consultation and set out in a written agreement before representation begins.
Do I need a lawyer for an uncontested divorce in Virginia?+
Virginia does not require you to be represented, and parties do file without counsel. The risk in an uncontested divorce is rarely the divorce itself — it is the agreement attached to it. Retirement and pension division needs order language that the plan administrator will accept, a waiver of spousal support is generally difficult to undo, and property that is not addressed in the agreement may not be addressable afterward. Those provisions are permanent in a way the rest of the filing is not.
Can I file for divorce in Virginia if we were married in another country?+
Yes, provided the Virginia residency requirement is met — at least one party must have been a bona fide resident and domiciliary of Virginia for six months before filing. A marriage validly contracted abroad is presumptively recognized in Virginia under lex loci celebrationis. A marriage certificate with a certified translation is typically sufficient documentation.
My spouse is active-duty military. Where do we file?+
Filing depends on residency and domicile, which for a service member is not always the state where they are stationed. A service member's home of record, the non-military spouse's residency, and the location of the marital home can each support venue. A pending deployment may also support a stay of the proceeding under federal servicemember protections, which delays the case rather than defeating it.
What is the difference between an emergency, preliminary and final protective order in Virginia?+
An emergency protective order is issued on an ex parte basis and lasts a short fixed period. A preliminary protective order is issued after a limited hearing and holds until a full hearing, generally within fifteen days. A final protective order is entered after a full evidentiary hearing at which both parties may appear with counsel, and may last up to two years. Each stage has consequences for a parallel custody case.